When we discuss “elopement” in autism, it’s important to note that we’re not talking about running off to get married. In this context, elopement refers to when someone with autism leaves a safe space, such as a home, school, or caregiver’s supervision, without informing anyone.
While we often associate elopement with children, adults with autism can experience it too. While the reasons may differ, the risks remain significant.
What Does Elopement Mean?
Elopement in autism refers to when a person with autism leaves a place where they are expected to be whether it’s home, school, or a day program without permission or supervision. The person may not tell anyone where they are going or understand the potential dangers.
Examples include:
- A child might run out of class during a meltdown.
- An adult might leave their job site when feeling overwhelmed.
In both cases, the individual may not understand traffic rules, who to ask for help, or how to return home safely.
Is Elopement Common in Adults with Autism?
Yes, elopement in autism is not exclusive to children. Research indicates that many autistic adults experience wandering or elopement, particularly those who are nonverbal, have intellectual disabilities, or face challenges with emotional regulation and sensory sensitivities. A 2021 study in Autism Research revealed that about 22% of autistic adults have eloped or wandered.
The reasons for elopement in adults may vary from those in children. Common triggers include:
- Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stressed
- Wanting to avoid specific places, situations, or responsibilities
- Lack of understanding regarding personal safety or boundaries
- Seeking independence, freedom, or routine
- Difficulty expressing needs clearly
How Elopement in Adults Differs From Children
While elopement in autism looks similar across different ages, the risks and ways to address it differ. Here’s a comparison:
| Aspect | Children | Adults |
| Supervision | Usually under parental or school care | May live independently or in group housing |
| Environment | Home, school, playground | Workplaces, public transport, community spaces |
| Common Triggers | Separation, sensory overload | Stress, change, desire for autonomy |
| Intervention Approach | IEPs, school support, GPS devices | Life coaching, adult care plans, behavior plans |
Adults have legal rights and freedoms that complicate safety planning. Unlike children, adults may legally leave a location if no guardianship or court order is in place.
Read More: Why Parent Engagement with Autism Children Is Essential
Why Elopement in Adults Can Be Dangerous
Elopement in adults can lead to severe safety risks, such as:
- Getting lost in unfamiliar areas
- Risk of accidents or dangerous weather conditions
- Misunderstandings with law enforcement
- Difficulty seeking help, especially for nonverbal individuals
Some adults with autism also lack the basic skills necessary for daily living, such as managing money, traveling safely, or navigating social situations making them more vulnerable.
Recognizing the Signs and Risk Factors
Families and caregivers can help by watching for signs that indicate someone might be at risk for elopement. These signs include:
- Frequent attempts to leave certain places
- An intense focus on specific locations (e.g., stores or public transport)
- Anxiety in chaotic or noisy environments
- A lack of understanding regarding personal safety or space
Identifying these signs early makes it easier to implement preventive strategies.
Prevention and Safety Strategies for Adults with Autism
Elopement prevention should be personalized, thoughtful, and respectful. Here are evidence-based strategies that can help:
- Functional Behavior Assessments (FBA)
A BCBA can perform an FBA to identify triggers for elopement and develop a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) tailored to the individual’s needs. - Environmental Modifications
Using tools like door alarms, visual boundaries, and secure exits can minimize the risk of wandering, especially at home or in group housing. - GPS Tracking Devices
Wearable GPS devices can alert caregivers if an individual leaves a safe zone. Some devices also have emergency call buttons. - Safety Skills Training
Teaching adults to ask for help, recognize trusted individuals, use transportation safely, and follow directions can enhance independence while ensuring safety. - Support Staff and Life Coaching
Collaborating with ABA therapists or life coaches can help adults with autism manage stress, solve problems, and gain confidence.
When Should Families Seek Help?
If a loved one has eloped before or if there are concerns about safety, consulting with a doctor, behavior therapist, or autism specialist can be beneficial. Even in adulthood, early intervention plays a crucial role in reducing risks and improving outcomes.
Final Thoughts: Elopement Is Not Just a Childhood Concern
Elopement is not only a concern for children with autism. Adults also face this challenge, with added risks due to increased independence and fewer caregivers around for supervision. This makes it vital for families, caregivers, and communities to build robust support systems that balance autonomy with safety.
With proper planning, patience, and compassion, it’s possible to reduce the occurrence of elopement while still supporting the dignity and independence of autistic adults.
A 2021 study published in Autism Research found that 22% of autistic adults reported a history of wandering or elopement, highlighting that this behavior is not limited to childhood. (Source: Schlanger, Z., & Anderson, C. (2021). Wandering and elopement in autistic adults: Results from a national survey. Autism Research, Wiley Online Library)
References:
- Adults with autism are more vulnerable to safety risks during elopement due to limited supervision and communication barriers. (National Autism Association)
- Wandering behavior in individuals with autism often stems from anxiety, sensory overload, or a desire for routine. (Autism Speaks)
- Functional Behavior Assessments (FBA) help identify the cause of elopement and guide effective interventions. (Behavior Analyst Certification Board)
